The Ordeal: 70 Years On

February 2014 was 70-years anniversary of the mass exile of the North Caucasus nations under the order of Joseph Stalin.

Those ethnic groups, seen as non-loyal to the Soviets, have been branded as “nations-traitors” and in punishment were exiled en mass from their homelands to Siberia and Central Asia.
The most famous was the exile of 1944 of the Chechens and the Ingush to Central Asia.

Here are the portraits of the last survivors and witnesses of the deportation.